Chickens typically eat about 1/4 to 1/2 pound of feed per day, depending on their size, age, and purpose (egg-laying or meat production).
Proper feeding is essential for healthy, productive chickens. While the exact amount varies by breed, age, and environment, most adult chickens need 1/4 to 1/3 pound (113-150g) of feed per day. This guide covers everything you need to know about chicken feeding requirements.
Standard Daily Chicken Feed Requirements
The average laying hen consumes about 1/4 pound (113g) of feed daily. However, several factors influence this amount:
| Chicken Type | Daily Feed Amount |
|---|---|
| Standard Laying Hens | 1/4 lb (113g) |
| Large Breed Chickens | 1/3 lb (150g) |
| Bantams | 1/8 lb (57g) |
| Meat Birds (Cornish Cross) | 1/2 lb (227g) |
Measuring Feed by Volume
Since feed density varies, volume measurements are less precise:
- Pellets: ~3/4 cup per 1/4 pound
- Crumble: ~1/2 cup per 1/4 pound
- Whole grains: ~1 cup per 1/4 pound
Factors Affecting Chicken Appetite
1. Free-Range vs Confined
Free-range chickens may consume 25-50% less commercial feed as they forage for insects and plants. However, as noted in our free-range guide, they need adequate space to find enough natural food.
2. Weather Conditions
Chickens eat 10-20% more in cold weather to maintain body heat. In extreme heat, appetite may decrease slightly.
3. Egg Production
High-producing layers need more nutrients. Molting or broody hens often eat less.
4. Age
Pullets (young hens) eat less than mature layers. Senior chickens may need adjusted diets.
Feeding Methods Compared
Free-Choice Feeding
Most backyard chicken keepers use this method, leaving feed available all day. Chickens naturally regulate intake and rarely overeat (except meat breeds).
Scheduled Feeding
Some owners feed twice daily to:
- Reduce rodent attraction
- Monitor individual consumption
- Control feed costs
Supplemental Feeding Tips
While commercial feed should be the dietary base, supplements can reduce costs and improve health:
- Kitchen scraps: Vegetables, fruits, and grains (avoid salty/spicy foods)
- Grit: Essential for digestion, especially for free-range birds
- Calcium: Oyster shell for strong eggshells
- Greens: Fresh grass, weeds, or chicken-safe plants
Common Feeding Mistakes
Overfeeding Treats
Treats should never exceed 10% of daily intake. Too many can cause nutritional imbalances.
Inadequate Water
Chickens drink 2-3 times more water than they eat feed. Always provide clean, fresh water.
Wrong Feed Type
Use:
- Starter feed for chicks (0-8 weeks)
- Grower feed for adolescents (8-18 weeks)
- Layer feed for adults (18+ weeks)
Calculating Feed Needs
For 50 standard hens:
- Daily: 50 x 1/4 lb = 12.5 lbs
- Weekly: 87.5 lbs
- 50 lb bag lasts: ~4 days
According to Backyard Chickens, free-ranging can reduce feed costs by 25-75% during peak season, but supplemental feeding remains essential for balanced nutrition.
Special Considerations
Molting Periods
During feather regrowth, increase protein to 18-20% of diet. Learn more about molting and nutritional needs.
Winter Feeding
The University of Minnesota Extension recommends:
- Increasing feed by 10-20%
- Offering warm morning feed
- Ensuring water doesn’t freeze
Medicated vs Non-Medicated
Medicated feed helps prevent coccidiosis in chicks but isn’t necessary for adults or vaccinated birds.
Feed Storage Tips
Proper storage prevents waste and maintains nutrition:
- Use airtight containers
- Store in cool, dry place
- Use within 2 months of milling
- Check for mold before feeding