To feed broiler chickens, provide a balanced diet of high-protein commercial feed, supplemented with clean water and occasional grains for optimal growth.
Raising broiler chickens requires specialized feeding strategies to achieve optimal growth rates while maintaining flock health. Unlike layers or dual-purpose birds, broilers need carefully balanced nutrition to support their rapid development from chick to processing weight in just 6-10 weeks.
Broiler Chicken Nutrition Requirements
Broilers have distinct nutritional needs at different growth stages. Their feed must contain higher protein levels than standard chicken feed to support muscle development.
Starter Feed (Day 1-21)
- 23-24% protein content
- High amino acid profile
- Small crumble texture for easy eating
Grower Feed (Week 3-5)
- 20-21% protein
- Balanced calcium/phosphorus
- Larger pellet size
Finisher Feed (Week 5+ until processing)
- 18-19% protein
- Higher energy content
- Maintains meat quality
According to Maple Creek Poultry, Cornish Cross broilers require strict protein management to prevent skeletal and cardiovascular issues from rapid growth.
Feeding Schedule & Management
Broiler feeding strategies vary based on breed and production goals:
| Method | Description | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Free Choice | Feed available 24/7 with continuous lighting | Maximum growth rate |
| 12/12 Schedule | 12 hours feeding, 12 hours without | Healthier growth pace |
| Restricted | Limited daily feed amounts | Pasture-raised birds |
Lighting Considerations
Continuous lighting (23 hours light/1 hour dark) stimulates feeding but may increase mortality. Many growers use 18-20 hours of light for balance.
Special Considerations for Different Broiler Types
Cornish Cross Broilers
- Reach processing weight in 6-8 weeks
- Prone to leg and heart issues
- Require strict feed management
As noted in our article on preventing chicken pecking, overcrowding can exacerbate health issues in fast-growing broilers.
Ranger/Heritage Broilers
- Slower growth (10-12 weeks to processing)
- Better suited for pasture systems
- More active foragers
Common Feeding Mistakes to Avoid
1. Using Layer Feed
Layer feed contains inadequate protein and excess calcium, which can cause kidney damage in broilers.
2. Overcrowding Feeders
Provide at least 2-3 inches of feeder space per bird to ensure all chickens can eat simultaneously.
3. Inconsistent Feed Changes
Transition between starter, grower and finisher feeds gradually over 3-4 days by mixing old and new feed.
Supplemental Feeding Options
While commercial feed should form the base diet, some supplements can enhance broiler health:
- Grit: Essential for digestion when feeding whole grains
- Probiotics: Support gut health and nutrient absorption
- Electrolytes: Help during heat stress or illness
The Backyard Chickens forum recommends avoiding sudden feed changes that can disrupt digestion.
Water Management
Broilers consume about 2 pounds of water for every pound of feed:
- Provide clean, fresh water at all times
- Use nipple drinkers to keep water clean
- Position waterers near feeders (but not under them)
For more on chicken behavior and care, see our guide on why chickens follow their owners.
Processing Preparation
Final feed management before processing:
- Withhold feed 8-12 hours before processing (water only)
- This reduces gut content and contamination risk
- Maintain calm environment to prevent stress