The red things on chickens are typically combs and wattles, which help regulate body temperature and indicate health and maturity.
Those fleshy red flaps hanging from your chicken’s head and neck are called wattles. Both male and female chickens have them, though roosters typically have larger, more vibrant wattles. These unique features serve important biological functions and can even indicate a chicken’s health status.
The Anatomy of Chicken Wattles
Wattles are soft, elongated lobes of skin that dangle below a chicken’s beak and earlobes. They’re part of the chicken’s integumentary system along with the comb – that red crest on top of their heads. Wattles contain:
- Blood vessels that help regulate body temperature
- Nerve endings that make them sensitive to touch
- Collagen fibers that provide structure
Wattle Color Variations
While most wattles appear red, their color can vary based on:
| Color | Possible Meaning |
|---|---|
| Bright red | Healthy, mature chicken |
| Pale pink | Young chick or possible anemia |
| Purplish | Poor circulation or frostbite |
| Black spots | Possible fowlpox or other infection |
Why Do Chickens Have Wattles?
Wattles serve several important purposes for chickens:
Temperature Regulation
Chickens don’t sweat. Their wattles help release excess body heat through increased blood flow to these thin skin flaps. On hot days, you’ll notice wattles appear larger and darker red as blood vessels expand.
Mating Displays
Roosters use their wattles to attract hens. Larger, brighter wattles signal health and vitality. During courtship, roosters may puff out their wattles while performing mating dances. Hens also prefer mates with symmetrical wattles, according to animal behavior studies.
Social Signaling
Wattle size and color help establish pecking order. Dominant birds typically have more developed wattles. Changes in wattle appearance can indicate stress or illness to flockmates.
Common Wattle Health Issues
While wattles are resilient, they can develop problems:
Frostbite
In cold climates, wattles are vulnerable to freezing. Prevent frostbite by applying petroleum jelly in winter and ensuring proper coop ventilation to reduce humidity. Learn more about cold weather chicken care.
Injuries
Wattles can get pecked during fights or caught on objects. Minor wounds usually heal quickly, but severe tears may require veterinary attention.
Parasites
Mites and lice sometimes infest wattles. Regular dust baths help chickens control these pests naturally.
Caring for Your Chicken’s Wattles
Healthy wattles contribute to overall chicken wellbeing. Follow these tips:
- Check wattles daily for color changes or swelling
- Provide shade and cool water in hot weather
- Trim overgrown wattles only if they interfere with eating
- Separate aggressive birds that peck at others’ wattles
For chickens that develop wattle problems, consider strategies to prevent pecking and maintain flock harmony.
Wattles Across Chicken Breeds
Wattle size varies significantly by breed:
Large-Wattled Breeds
- Rhode Island Reds
- Leghorns
- Minorcas
Small-Wattled Breeds
- Silkies
- Polish
- Some bantam varieties
Some breeds like the Ayam Cemani have naturally dark wattles that appear black rather than red. This is normal pigmentation, not a health concern.
Wattles vs. Combs
While related, wattles and combs have distinct differences:
| Feature | Wattles | Combs |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Under chin | Top of head |
| Function | Cooling, mating display | Cooling, sexual maturity indicator |
| Size | Varies by breed | Varies by breed and sex |
Both structures play vital roles in chicken biology and behavior. Understanding their functions helps chicken keepers better care for their flocks.