The best bedding for chickens includes straw, wood shavings, or hemp, as they provide comfort, absorb moisture, and help control odors in the coop.
Choosing the right bedding for your chickens impacts their health, egg production, and coop cleanliness. The ideal bedding absorbs moisture, resists caking, and prevents bacterial growth. Let’s explore the top options and how to use them effectively.
Why Chicken Bedding Matters
Proper bedding is crucial for several reasons:
- Absorbs moisture from droppings
- Provides insulation in winter
- Reduces ammonia fumes
- Prevents foot problems
- Discourages pests and parasites
Poor bedding choices can lead to respiratory issues, bumblefoot, and increased parasite loads. Sudden chicken deaths often trace back to ammonia buildup from inadequate bedding.
Top Chicken Bedding Materials Compared
| Material | Absorbency | Cost | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pine Shavings | High | $$ | General coop use |
| Straw | Medium | $ | Nesting boxes |
| Hemp | Very High | $$$ | Wet climates |
| Sand | Low | $$ | Run areas |
1. Pine Shavings – The All-Around Winner
Pine shavings are the most popular choice for good reason:
- Highly absorbent (3x more than straw)
- Naturally resists mites and mold
- Provides good insulation
- Easy to clean and compost
Avoid cedar shavings – the aromatic oils can cause respiratory distress. According to Backyard Chickens, pine shavings should be at least 4 inches deep for best results.
2. Straw – Best for Nesting Boxes
Straw works well in nesting boxes because:
- Soft and comfortable for laying hens
- Creates good nest shape
- Inexpensive and readily available
Change straw weekly to prevent mites. Some chickens may eat straw, so monitor your flock. Training chickens to use nesting boxes works best with clean, fresh straw.
3. Hemp Bedding – Premium Performance
Hemp offers exceptional benefits:
- Absorbs 5x its weight in moisture
- Naturally antibacterial
- Lasts longer than other beddings
- Dust-free and low odor
The main drawback is cost. Hemp bedding runs 2-3x more expensive than pine shavings. It works well for small flocks or problem areas that stay damp.
Bedding to Avoid
Some materials cause more problems than they solve:
Cedar Shavings
The strong oils can damage chickens’ respiratory systems over time.
Hay
Molds quickly and often contains seeds that attract rodents.
Sawdust
Too fine – causes respiratory issues and cakes easily.
Newspaper
Slippery when wet and provides no insulation.
Bedding Management Tips
Proper maintenance extends bedding life and keeps chickens healthy:
The Deep Litter Method
This natural approach involves:
- Start with 4-6 inches of bedding
- Stir weekly to incorporate droppings
- Add fresh bedding as needed
- Completely replace 1-2 times per year
The deep litter method creates beneficial microbial activity that breaks down waste naturally. According to The Frugal Chicken, this can reduce coop cleaning by 75%.
Seasonal Considerations
Adjust bedding with the seasons:
Winter: Add extra insulation with deeper bedding (6+ inches). Consider adding diatomaceous earth to control moisture and pests.
Summer: Use thinner layers (3-4 inches) and ensure good ventilation to prevent overheating.
Special Situations
Brooder Bedding
Baby chicks need special care:
- Use paper towels for first 2-3 days
- Switch to pine shavings after
- Avoid slippery surfaces
- Change bedding daily
For Injured Chickens
Soft, clean bedding helps recovery:
- Use thick layers of straw or hemp
- Change bedding twice daily
- Keep separate from flock to prevent pecking injuries
Cost Comparison
Here’s what to expect price-wise for a standard 40lb bag:
- Pine shavings: $5-$8
- Straw: $10-$15 (bale)
- Hemp: $20-$30
- Sand: $3-$5 (50lb bag)
While pine shavings offer the best value, consider mixing materials – use straw in nests and pine shavings on the coop floor.