In winter, feed chickens high-energy grains, layer pellets, and provide access to fresh greens and warm water to ensure their health and egg production.
Cold weather changes everything for backyard chickens. Their nutritional needs shift as temperatures drop, requiring careful adjustments to keep them healthy and productive. This guide covers everything you need to know about winter chicken feeding.
Why Winter Feeding Differs
Chickens burn more calories in cold weather to maintain body heat. Their natural food sources disappear when the ground freezes. You’ll notice your flock eating 10-25% more feed during winter months.
Key Winter Nutritional Needs
- Higher protein (18-20%) for feather maintenance
- Increased carbohydrates for energy
- Essential fats for insulation
- Plenty of fresh water (they drink more in winter)
Best Winter Feed Options
1. High-Quality Layer Feed
Continue offering 16-18% protein layer feed as the staple diet. Consider switching to pellets rather than crumbles – they’re easier to eat and create less waste.
2. Corn for Nighttime Warmth
Offer cracked corn or whole corn kernels before dusk. The digestion process generates body heat overnight. Limit to 10% of total diet to avoid obesity.
3. Warm Mashes
Mix feed with warm water or broth to create a comforting mash. This provides hydration and makes nutrients more accessible. Try our winter mash recipe for cold mornings.
| Feed Type | Benefits | Recommended Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Layer pellets | Complete nutrition, less waste | Free choice |
| Cracked corn | Heat production | 1/4 cup per bird at dusk |
| Warm mash | Hydration + nutrition | 2-3 times weekly |
Essential Winter Supplements
Protein Boosters
Add these to maintain feather condition:
- Mealworms (excellent source of protein)
- Black soldier fly larvae
- Soybean meal
Greens & Vegetables
Even in winter, chickens need fresh greens. Try:
- Kale (cold-hardy and nutritious)
- Swiss chard
- Sprouted grains
- Winter squash
According to Backyard Chickens, sprouted grains can increase vitamin content by 300-400% compared to dry grains.
Water Management in Winter
Hydration is critical for digestion and egg production. Chickens won’t eat if they can’t drink. Solutions include:
Heated Waterers
Invest in a quality heated base or waterer. Plastic models prevent frozen combs.
Multiple Water Stations
Place several water sources around the coop to ensure access.
Check Frequently
Break ice and refresh water at least twice daily in freezing weather.
Special Considerations
Molting Chickens
Increase protein to 20% for birds regrowing feathers. Add sunflower seeds for healthy fats.
Winter Layers
Some breeds like winter-hardy layers need extra calcium. Offer oyster shell free-choice.
Free-Range Adjustments
When snow covers the ground, supplement with more greens and protein sources to replace lost foraging.
Foods to Avoid in Winter
- Citrus fruits (can cause digestive issues)
- Avocado (toxic to chickens)
- Raw potatoes (contain solanine)
- Salty foods (increase water needs)
The Poultry Extension recommends avoiding sudden diet changes that can stress chickens during already challenging winter conditions.
Feeding Schedule Adjustments
With shorter daylight hours, adjust feeding times:
- Morning: Offer warm mash with supplements
- Midday: Free-choice layer feed
- Late afternoon: High-energy corn treat
Remember that chickens won’t eat in complete darkness, so ensure they have enough time to consume their daily requirements.
Storage Tips for Winter Feed
- Store feed in airtight containers to prevent moisture
- Keep in a cool, dry place to maintain freshness
- Buy smaller quantities more frequently to ensure freshness
- Check for mold before feeding