In winter, feed chickens a balanced diet of high-quality layer pellets, grains, and supplements like cracked corn for energy and warmth.
Cold weather changes your chickens’ nutritional needs. Winter feeding requires adjustments to maintain health, egg production, and body warmth. This guide covers everything from high-energy grains to warm mashes that help chickens thrive in freezing temperatures.
Why Winter Feeding Differs
Chickens burn more calories staying warm when temperatures drop. Their digestive system generates heat through fermentation – a process that works best with specific winter-friendly foods. Unlike horses, chickens can self-regulate intake when given free-choice feeding.
Key Winter Nutritional Needs
- Increased protein (18-20% for layers)
- High-energy carbohydrates
- Essential fats for insulation
- Hydration (critical for digestion)
Best Winter Feed Options
1. High-Quality Layer Feed
Start with a complete 20% protein layer ration as your base. Pellets or crumbles work best in winter as they’re easier to eat than mash when cold. Choose cold-hardy breeds if you’re starting a new winter flock.
2. Corn – The Winter Superfood
Add cracked corn (about 10% of total diet) to boost energy. Corn digests slowly, generating internal heat for 8-10 hours. Feed in late afternoon to keep chickens warm overnight.
| Corn Type | Benefits | Feeding Tips |
|---|---|---|
| Cracked Corn | Easy to digest | Mix with regular feed |
| Whole Corn | Longer digestion | Best for bedtime snack |
3. Warm Mashes
Soak feed in warm water or broth to create a hydrating, warming meal. Add these to your mash:
- Oatmeal
- Flax seeds
- Black oil sunflower seeds
Essential Winter Supplements
Protein Boosters
Add these high-protein treats 2-3 times weekly:
- Mealworms (excellent source of protein)
- Scrambled eggs
- Plain yogurt
Greens & Vegetables
Even in winter, chickens need greens. Try these options:
- Kale
- Swiss chard
- Sprouted grains
Winter Feeding Schedule
Adjust feeding times to match shorter daylight hours:
- Morning: Regular layer feed
- Midday: High-energy scratch grains
- Late afternoon: Corn-based warm mash
Water Management
Prevent dehydration with these tips:
- Use heated waterers
- Check water 2-3 times daily
- Add electrolytes weekly
Foods to Avoid in Winter
- Citrus fruits (can cause digestive issues)
- Avocado (toxic to chickens)
- Dry beans (must be cooked)
Special Considerations
For Molting Chickens
Increase protein to 22% during molt. Add feather-building supplements like:
- Brewer’s yeast
- Fish meal
For Non-Layers
Switch to maintenance feed (16% protein) if your chickens stop laying. Learn why some chickens stop laying in winter.
External Resources
For more on chicken digestion, see this University of Minnesota guide. The Backyard Chickens winter guide offers additional tips.