Start chickens on layer feed at around 18 weeks of age, or when they begin laying eggs, to ensure optimal nutrition for egg production.
Transitioning chickens to layer feed at the right time is crucial for egg production and hen health. Most poultry experts recommend making the switch when pullets reach 18-20 weeks old or when they lay their first egg. This guide covers everything you need to know about timing, transition methods, and nutritional requirements.
Optimal Age to Start Layer Feed
The ideal time to introduce layer feed depends on your chickens’ development:
- 18-20 weeks: Standard transition age for most egg-laying breeds
- First egg: Absolute latest time to switch if your hens mature early
- 16 weeks: Some newer research suggests this as an alternative
Different breeds mature at varying rates. For example, Rhode Island Reds typically start laying at 18-20 weeks, while Silkies may take 7-9 months.
Why Timing Matters
Layer feed contains:
| Nutrient | Amount | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | 3.25-4% | Strong eggshells |
| Protein | 16-18% | Egg production |
| Vitamins | Varied | Overall health |
Too early can harm developing kidneys with excess calcium. Too late may result in thin-shelled eggs or deficiencies.
How to Transition to Layer Feed
Follow this gradual process over 7-10 days:
- Days 1-3: 75% starter feed, 25% layer feed
- Days 4-6: 50% starter feed, 50% layer feed
- Days 7-9: 25% starter feed, 75% layer feed
- Day 10: 100% layer feed
Maintain the same feed form (crumbles vs pellets) during transition to avoid rejection. According to Purina Mills, abrupt changes can cause digestive issues.
Supplemental Calcium Options
Even with layer feed, many hens benefit from additional calcium sources:
- Oyster shell (free choice in separate container)
- Crushed eggshells (bake at 250°F for 10 minutes first)
- Limestone grit
Watch for signs of calcium deficiency like soft-shelled eggs or egg pecking behavior.
Common Feeding Mistakes to Avoid
1. Switching Too Early
Before 16 weeks, high calcium can cause kidney damage and stunted growth.
2. Using Medicated Feeds
Medicated starter feeds shouldn’t be used beyond 16 weeks as medication can transfer to eggs.
3. Over-Supplementing
Limit treats to 10% of diet. Too many scraps can unbalance nutrition.
4. Ignoring Flock Dynamics
If mixing ages, use flock raiser feed with separate calcium sources for layers.
Special Considerations
Dual-Purpose Breeds
Meat/egg crosses may need adjusted protein levels. Monitor body condition.
Free-Range Chickens
Offer complete feed before letting birds forage to ensure nutritional needs are met.
Molting Hens
During molt, temporarily increase protein to 20% to support feather regrowth.
For more on chicken behavior during transitions, see our guide on introducing chickens to new environments.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I keep using starter/grower feed?
Yes, if you provide oyster shell separately once laying begins. However, layer feed is specifically formulated for egg production.
How much layer feed per chicken?
Adult hens eat about 1/4 pound (113g) daily. Adjust based on body condition and production.
What if my chickens won’t eat layer feed?
Try mixing in small amounts of scratch grains or moistening with warm water to encourage acceptance.