Chickens lose feathers due to molting, stress, parasites, poor nutrition, or diseases, so assess their environment and health for proper care.
Feather loss in chickens can be alarming for backyard flock owners. While molting is the most common reason, several other factors may cause feather loss. Understanding these causes helps you take proper action to keep your flock healthy and comfortable.
1. Natural Molting Process
Molting is a completely normal biological process where chickens shed old feathers and grow new ones. This typically occurs annually when daylight decreases in fall.
How Molting Works
Chickens lose feathers gradually, usually starting at the head and neck. The process can last 3 weeks to 6 months. During this time:
- Egg production slows or stops
- Chickens may appear less active
- New “pin feathers” emerge (blood-filled shafts)
Supporting Molting Chickens
Help your flock through molting with these tips:
| Need | Solution |
|---|---|
| Extra protein | Switch to 18-20% protein feed, add mealworms or sunflower seeds |
| Reduced stress | Avoid coop changes or introducing new birds |
| Gentle handling | Limit touching as pin feathers are sensitive |
2. Feather Pecking and Cannibalism
Chickens may peck at each other’s feathers due to stress or nutritional deficiencies. Learn how to stop chickens from pecking each other.
Causes of Feather Pecking
- Overcrowding (less than 4 sq ft per bird)
- Bright lighting (use red bulbs to reduce visibility)
- Protein deficiency (below 16% in feed)
- Boredom (add enrichment like hanging cabbage)
3. Parasites: Mites and Lice
External parasites can cause severe feather loss. Northern fowl mites are most common, living at the feather base near the vent.
Signs of Parasites
- Visible bugs or eggs at feather base
- Restless behavior, especially at night
- Pale combs from blood loss
Treatment Options
The Poultry DVM recommends:
- Dust birds with food-grade diatomaceous earth
- Apply poultry-safe permethrin spray
- Clean coop thoroughly with vinegar solution
4. Nutritional Deficiencies
Poor diet leads to weak feathers. Key nutrients for feather health include:
Essential Nutrients
| Nutrient | Function | Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Protein | Feather structure | Mealworms, fish meal |
| Methionine | Amino acid for growth | Soybean meal, eggs |
| Zinc | Keratin production | Oysters, pumpkin seeds |
5. Stress Factors
Stress triggers feather loss through hormonal changes. Common stressors include:
- Predator attacks (install secure chicken coops)
- Extreme temperatures
- Loud noises
- Frequent handling
6. Broodiness
Broody hens often pluck chest feathers to line their nest. This is normal behavior that resolves when broodiness ends.
7. Disease Conditions
Certain illnesses cause feather loss, including:
- Fowl pox (wart-like lesions)
- Ringworm (fungal infection)
- Vent gleet (digestive disorder)
If feather loss accompanies other symptoms like lethargy or diarrhea, consult a poultry veterinarian immediately.