Chickens lose feathers due to molting, stress, parasites, or nutritional deficiencies, which are natural processes or health-related issues requiring attention.
Feather loss in chickens can alarm backyard flock owners, but it’s often a normal process. From seasonal molting to pecking order disputes, multiple factors cause feather loss. Understanding these reasons helps you provide proper care.
1. Natural Molting Process
Molting is the most common reason for feather loss. Chickens shed old feathers to grow new ones, typically occurring annually in fall as daylight decreases.
How Molting Works
- Starts at head and neck, progresses downward
- Lasts 3 weeks to 6 months
- Egg production often stops during this time
New “pin feathers” contain blood vessels and feel sensitive. Avoid handling molting chickens to prevent pain or bleeding. For more on chicken behavior changes, see our article on why chickens follow their owners.
2. Feather Pecking and Cannibalism
Chickens may peck at each other’s feathers due to stress or boredom. This behavior can escalate if not addressed.
| Cause | Solution |
|---|---|
| Overcrowding | Provide minimum 4 sq ft per bird in coop |
| Bright lighting | Use red bulbs to reduce pecking |
| Nutritional deficiency | Ensure 16-20% protein feed |
According to University of Minnesota Extension, feather pecking occurs in 11-14% of commercial flocks.
3. Parasite Infestations
External parasites like mites and lice cause feather loss and skin irritation. Check these areas for signs:
- Vent region
- Under wings
- Neck and head
Treat infestations with poultry-safe products and clean the coop thoroughly. Our guide on tick removal for chickens provides helpful treatment methods.
4. Nutritional Deficiencies
Feathers consist of 85-90% protein. Poor diet leads to weak feathers and excessive loss.
Essential Nutrients for Feather Health
- Protein (16-20% during molt)
- Methionine (key amino acid)
- Zinc and selenium
- B vitamins
The Poultry DVM recommends adding mealworms or sunflower seeds as protein-rich supplements during molting.
5. Stress Factors
Stress triggers feather loss through several mechanisms:
- Predator attacks
- Extreme temperatures
- Coop changes
- Introduction of new birds
6. Broodiness
Broody hens pluck chest feathers to line their nests and regulate egg temperature. This localized feather loss is temporary and normal.
7. Age-Related Changes
Older chickens experience:
- Slower feather regrowth
- Thinner plumage
- More pronounced molts
Provide extra care for senior chickens during molting periods.