Chickens pluck their feathers due to stress, boredom, nutritional deficiencies, or parasites, which can lead to feather pecking and loss.
Feather plucking in chickens is a frustrating problem that can lead to injuries, infections, and even death if left unchecked. Understanding why chickens engage in this behavior is the first step to stopping it.
What Is Feather Plucking in Chickens?
Feather plucking occurs when chickens peck and pull feathers from themselves or flock mates. Unlike normal pecking order behavior, feather plucking is persistent and can cause serious harm. Common targets include:
- Neck and head feathers
- Back and wing feathers
- Vent area feathers
- Newly growing feathers
Top Reasons Chickens Pluck Feathers
1. Nutritional Deficiencies
Chickens may pluck feathers when lacking key nutrients:
| Nutrient | Signs of Deficiency |
|---|---|
| Protein | Eating feathers, slow growth |
| Methionine | Poor feather quality, pecking |
| Sodium | Pecking at preen gland |
Switch to a higher protein feed (18-20%) and consider adding poultry grit to aid digestion.
2. Stress and Boredom
Chickens need mental stimulation. Without it, they may turn to feather plucking. Signs of stress include:
- Overcrowding (less than 4 sq ft per bird)
- Lack of foraging opportunities
- Bright lighting at night
- Frequent disturbances
Provide enrichment like hanging treats, dust baths, and chicken toys.
3. External Parasites
Mites and lice cause intense itching. Chickens may pluck feathers trying to relieve discomfort. Check for:
- Red mites in coop crevices
- Lice eggs at feather bases
- Scaly leg mites on feet
Treat with poultry-safe insecticides and parasite control methods.
4. Molting
During molt, chickens lose and regrow feathers. The pin feathers are sensitive and may attract pecking. Provide:
- Extra protein (22% feed)
- Quiet spaces
- Separate molting birds if needed
5. Pecking Order Issues
While normal pecking establishes hierarchy, excessive plucking indicates problems. Watch for:
- Bullying of specific birds
- New chickens being targeted
- Overcrowding at feeders
How to Stop Feather Plucking
Immediate Solutions
- Isolate injured birds immediately
- Apply Blu-Kote to wounds
- Use pinless peepers on offenders
Long-Term Prevention
- Increase coop space (minimum 4 sq ft/bird)
- Provide multiple feeding stations
- Add enrichment activities
- Ensure proper nutrition
- Maintain parasite control
According to poultry research, environmental enrichment reduces feather pecking by up to 50%.
When to Seek Help
Consult a poultry vet if:
- Plucking leads to open wounds
- Multiple birds show feather loss
- Behavior continues despite interventions
Persistent plucking may require professional behavior modification techniques.