Chickens squat as a submissive behavior, signaling readiness for mating or to show trust and comfort with their surroundings, especially with a dominant rooster.
If you’ve noticed your chickens suddenly crouching low to the ground, you’re witnessing a fascinating instinctual behavior. Chicken squatting, also called the “submissive squat,” serves several important purposes in a flock’s social structure and reproduction.
The Science Behind Chicken Squatting
When a chicken squats, she lowers her body close to the ground, flattens her back, spreads her wings slightly, and tucks her head. This posture makes her appear smaller and more vulnerable. Scientifically, this behavior is known as “lordosis posture” – a term used across animal species to describe mating readiness positions.
Primary Reasons for Squatting
- Mating readiness signal
- Egg-laying preparation
- Submission to dominant flock members
- Predator protection instinct
Mating Behavior and Reproduction
The most common reason hens squat is to signal they’re ready to mate. When a pullet reaches sexual maturity (typically 18-24 weeks), she’ll begin squatting when approached by a rooster. This posture allows for successful mating through the “cloacal kiss” process where sperm is transferred.
Interestingly, hens without roosters will often squat for their human caretakers, perceiving them as the dominant flock member. As noted in our article on why chickens follow humans, these birds form strong social bonds with their caretakers.
Egg Production Connection
Squatting typically begins a few days before a hen starts laying eggs. Many chicken keepers report collecting their first eggs within 3-5 days of noticing this behavior. The squat indicates hormonal changes preparing the hen’s reproductive system for egg production.
Social Hierarchy and Submission
In chicken flocks, the pecking order determines social standing. Lower-ranking hens will squat to show submission to dominant birds, just as they might hide their heads when feeling threatened. This helps maintain peace in the flock by clearly communicating status.
| Squatting Context | Meaning |
|---|---|
| When approached by rooster | Mating readiness |
| When approached by human | Submission/recognition of dominance |
| When approached by dominant hen | Pecking order acknowledgment |
| Random squatting while walking | Possible egg-laying preparation |
Protective Instincts
Squatting also serves as a defensive mechanism. By lowering her body, a chicken:
- Protects her vulnerable underside from predators
- Presents a smaller target
- Can remain motionless to avoid detection
This behavior is particularly common when birds sense aerial threats. According to research from Organic Feeds, the squatting position helps protect vital areas while keeping the chicken ready to flee if needed.
Age and Breed Differences
Not all chickens squat equally. Younger pullets just reaching maturity squat most frequently, while older hens may only do so occasionally. Some breeds are more prone to this behavior than others:
Breeds That Commonly Squat
- Rhode Island Reds
- Plymouth Rocks
- Orpingtons
- Easter Eggers
Breeds That Squat Less
- Leghorns
- Game breeds
- Some Mediterranean varieties
Practical Implications for Chicken Keepers
Understanding squatting behavior helps with flock management:
Egg Production Forecasting
When you notice pullets beginning to squat, prepare nesting boxes. Eggs typically follow within a week. Our guide on training chickens to use nesting boxes can help ensure proper egg-laying habits.
Handling Advantage
The submissive squat makes chickens easier to catch for health checks or relocation. Approach slowly and pet gently during this vulnerable posture.
Flock Dynamics Insight
Observing which hens squat for others reveals your flock’s social hierarchy. This knowledge helps prevent bullying and manage introductions of new birds.
When Squatting Might Indicate Problems
While usually normal, persistent squatting can sometimes signal health issues:
- Egg binding (difficulty laying)
- Reproductive tract infections
- Injury or leg weakness
- Extreme stress
Consult a veterinarian if squatting is accompanied by lethargy, loss of appetite, or vocalizations of distress. According to poultry experts at Grit Magazine, sudden behavior changes always warrant closer observation.
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