Feed chickens about 1/4 to 1/3 pound of feed per bird daily, adjusting based on age, size, and purpose (meat or egg production).
Feeding chickens correctly is crucial for their health, egg production, and overall wellbeing. Whether you’re raising backyard chickens or managing a larger flock, understanding their nutritional needs will help you avoid common problems like obesity, poor egg quality, or nutritional deficiencies.
Daily Feeding Amounts by Chicken Type
The amount you should feed chickens depends on their age, breed, and purpose (egg-laying vs meat production). Here’s a detailed breakdown:
| Chicken Type | Daily Feed Amount | Key Nutrients |
|---|---|---|
| Baby Chicks (0-8 weeks) | Free choice (available 24/7) | 20-22% protein, amino acids |
| Pullets (8-20 weeks) | 1/4 lb per bird | 16-18% protein, lower calcium |
| Laying Hens | 1/4 to 1/3 lb per bird | 16% protein, 3-4% calcium |
| Meat Chickens | Free choice (high protein) | 20-24% protein for rapid growth |
Adjusting for Breed Size
Larger breeds like Rhode Island Reds may need up to 1/2 lb daily, while bantams require only 1/8 lb. Monitor body condition – you should be able to feel but not see their breastbone.
Feeding Methods Compared
Free Choice vs Scheduled Feeding
There are two main approaches to feeding chickens:
- Free choice (24/7 access): Best for most backyard flocks. Ensures all birds get enough food regardless of pecking order.
- Scheduled feeding (2x daily): Reduces pests and waste but requires careful monitoring to ensure all birds eat.
As noted in our guide on chicken care during vacations, free choice feeding is more forgiving when you can’t be present for scheduled feedings.
Essential Chicken Feed Types
Starter Feed (0-8 weeks)
High protein (20-22%) crumble with essential nutrients for rapid growth. Can be medicated to prevent coccidiosis or non-medicated if using natural supplements.
Grower Feed (8-20 weeks)
Lower protein (16-18%) to support steady growth without excessive weight gain. Contains less calcium than layer feed.
Layer Feed (20+ weeks)
Formulated with extra calcium (3-4%) for strong eggshells. Available as pellets or crumbles – pellets reduce waste but some chickens prefer crumbles.
Supplementing Your Chickens’ Diet
Healthy Treats (10% of diet max)
- Vegetables: Kale, cabbage, zucchini
- Fruits: Berries, melons, apples (no seeds)
- Grains: Oats, corn, wheat
Essential Supplements
- Grit: Helps digestion (offer free choice)
- Calcium: Oyster shell for layers
- Probiotics: Supports gut health
According to Purina Mills, treats should never exceed 10% of total intake to avoid nutritional imbalances.
Common Feeding Mistakes
Overfeeding Scratch Grains
While chickens love scratch, it’s like junk food – high in carbs but low in nutrients. Limit to 1-2 tablespoons per bird daily.
Incorrect Feed for Age
Feeding layer feed to young chickens can cause kidney damage from excess calcium. Always use age-appropriate feed.
Poor Storage
Feed loses nutritional value when exposed to heat, light, or moisture. Store in airtight containers and use within 4 weeks of opening.
The University of Minnesota Extension warns that moldy feed can cause serious health issues – discard any feed that smells musty.
Seasonal Feeding Adjustments
Winter Feeding
Chickens need 10-20% more food in cold weather to maintain body heat. Offer warm oatmeal or scratch grains in the evening.
Summer Feeding
Reduce feed slightly in heat (appetite decreases) but ensure constant access to fresh water. Add electrolytes during heat waves.
Integrating New Chickens
When adding to your flock, keep feed separate initially. Young chickens need starter/grower feed while layers require different nutrition. Gradually transition over 2-3 weeks while monitoring for bullying at feeding time.
For more on flock integration, see our article on introducing chickens to a new coop.