Pullets are young female chickens, typically under one year old, raised primarily for egg production.
Pullets are young female chickens that haven’t started laying eggs yet. These adolescent birds bridge the gap between chicks and mature laying hens, offering backyard chicken keepers an ideal starting point for egg production.
Defining Pullets: Age and Characteristics
A pullet is a female chicken typically between 12-20 weeks old. They’re sexually immature but physically developed, with these key features:
- Full coat of shiny new feathers
- Developing comb and wattles (not yet bright red)
- Smaller body frame than mature hens
- No egg-laying experience
Pullets transition to “point-of-lay” status as they approach their first egg, which varies by breed. For example, Rhode Island Reds typically start laying at 18-24 weeks, while larger breeds may take longer.
Pullets vs. Other Chicken Terms
Straight Run Chicks
Unlike sexed pullets, straight run means unsexed chicks with a 50/50 chance of being male or female. As noted by Oak Ridge Feed, pullets cost more but guarantee egg production.
Point-of-Lay Hens
These are pullets on the verge of laying (usually 1-2 weeks from first egg). Their combs turn bright red as they mature.
Cockerels
The male counterpart to pullets – young roosters not yet sexually mature.
When Do Pullets Start Laying Eggs?
Most pullets begin laying between 16-24 weeks, influenced by:
| Factor | Effect |
|---|---|
| Breed | Smaller breeds mature faster |
| Season | Spring pullets start sooner |
| Diet | Protein-rich feed supports development |
| Light | 14+ hours of light stimulates laying |
Benefits of Starting With Pullets
Predictable Egg Production
Unlike chicks, pullets are close to laying age. You’ll know approximately when to expect eggs.
Hardier Than Chicks
Pullets have full feathers and stronger immune systems than fragile chicks.
No Rooster Surprises
Sexed pullets eliminate the risk of unexpected roosters, unlike straight run chicks.
Caring for Pullets
Housing Requirements
Pullets need 2-3 square feet in the coop and 8-10 square feet in the run. Learn more about coop sizing for small flocks.
Nutrition Needs
Feed pullets a starter/grower ration (18-20% protein) until they begin laying, then switch to layer feed (16% protein).
Behavioral Traits
Pullets establish pecking orders before laying begins. Watch for excessive aggression and separate bullies if needed.
Common Pullet Challenges
Delayed Laying
Stress, poor nutrition, or insufficient light can delay first eggs. Most pullets lay by 30 weeks.
Egg Eating
Some pullets may sample their first eggs. Collect eggs frequently to prevent this habit.
Broodiness
Certain breeds like Orpingtons may go broody early, stopping egg production.
For more insights on chicken behavior, see our article on why chickens follow their owners.
Selecting Quality Pullets
When purchasing pullets:
- Choose active, alert birds with clean vents
- Look for bright eyes and smooth feathers
- Avoid birds with labored breathing or discharge
- Check for parasites under wings and around vent
According to Backyard Chicken Coops, pullets should be fully feathered with developing combs indicating approaching maturity.
Transitioning to Laying Hens
As pullets mature, watch for these signs of impending first eggs:
- Reddening and enlargement of comb/wattles
- Squatting behavior when approached
- Increased vocalization
- Exploring nest boxes
Provide proper nest boxes (one per 4 hens) with soft bedding to encourage good laying habits from the start.