Layer mash is a nutritious feed formulated for laying hens, providing essential nutrients to enhance egg production and overall health.
Layer mash is a specialized feed designed to meet the nutritional needs of egg-laying hens. This high-protein, calcium-rich feed supports consistent egg production, strong shells, and overall poultry health. Unlike starter feeds for chicks, layer mash contains the precise balance of nutrients adult hens require.
What Exactly Is Layer Mash?
Layer mash refers to the texture and formulation of feed for laying hens. It comes in three main forms:
- True mash: Fine, cornmeal-like consistency
- Crumbles: Granulated version of mash
- Pellets: Compressed mash formed into small cylinders
The nutritional content remains similar across these forms. Key differences include:
| Form | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| Mash | Easily digestible, good for fermenting | Messier, more waste |
| Crumbles | Less waste, preferred by many hens | Slightly more expensive |
| Pellets | Minimal waste, easy storage | Some chickens dislike them |
Why Layer Mash Matters for Egg Production
Layer mash contains specific nutrients crucial for hens:
Protein Content
Most layer mashes contain 16-18% protein from sources like:
- Soybean meal
- Peas
- Wheat
- Corn
This supports both egg production and feather health. Feather loss can indicate nutritional deficiencies.
Calcium Boost
Layer mash includes added calcium from:
- Ground limestone
- Oyster shell
- Monocalcium phosphate
This prevents thin-shelled eggs and watery egg whites.
When to Switch to Layer Mash
Transition chickens to layer mash at:
- 20 weeks old
- First signs of laying (comb reddening, squatting behavior)
- When breed-specific laying age is reached
Make the switch gradually over 7-10 days by mixing increasing amounts of layer mash with their current feed.
Supplementing Layer Mash
Essential Additions
Provide free-choice access to:
- Grit: Helps grind food in the gizzard
- Oyster shell: Extra calcium source
Optional Boosters
Many owners supplement with:
- Fermented feed (increases nutrient absorption)
- Greens and vegetables
- Mealworms or other protein treats
According to Scratch and Peck, fermenting layer mash can improve digestion and provide probiotics.
Common Feeding Mistakes
Using Starter Feed Too Long
Chick starter lacks sufficient calcium for layers and can lead to:
- Egg binding
- Soft-shelled eggs
- Calcium deficiency
Overfeeding Treats
While treats are enjoyable, they should never exceed 10% of total intake. Too many can:
- Unbalance nutrition
- Reduce egg production
- Cause obesity
Storing Layer Mash Properly
To maintain freshness and prevent spoilage:
- Store in airtight containers
- Keep in cool, dry place
- Use within 9 months
- Watch for mold or pests
As noted by Backyard Chickens members, proper storage prevents feed quality issues.
Special Considerations
Free-Range Hens
While foraging provides some nutrition, layer mash ensures they get complete:
- Protein
- Vitamins
- Minerals
Organic Options
Many brands offer organic layer mash with:
- No synthetic additives
- Non-GMO ingredients
- Organic certification
Cost Comparison
Layer mash prices vary by:
- Form (mash vs. crumbles vs. pellets)
- Organic status
- Brand reputation
- Bulk discounts
While more expensive than whole grains alone, layer mash provides balanced nutrition that ultimately supports better egg production and hen health.