Chickens scratch to forage for food, stimulate their natural instincts, and maintain their health by uncovering insects, seeds, and nutrients in the soil.
Chickens scratching the ground is one of their most distinctive behaviors. While it may seem simple, this instinctual action serves multiple purposes – from finding food to social bonding. Understanding why chickens scratch helps you provide better care for your flock.
1. Foraging for Food
Scratching is primarily a foraging behavior. Chickens scratch the ground to uncover hidden food sources like:
- Seeds and grains
- Insects and worms
- Small reptiles or amphibians
- Vegetation and plant matter
This behavior is hardwired into their DNA. Even day-old chicks will scratch at their food without being taught. According to The Feather Brain, wild jungle fowl (chickens’ ancestors) relied on scratching to survive.
Right Foot First
Researchers note chickens typically start scratching with their right foot. This may help them better identify food, as the right eye (connected to the left brain hemisphere) is better at object recognition.
2. Preparing Dust Baths
Chickens scratch to create ideal dust bathing spots. Dust baths help:
- Clean feathers
- Remove parasites like mites
- Maintain healthy skin
They’ll often work for hours or days to perfect their bathing area. If you notice your chickens digging holes, they’re likely preparing dust baths.
3. Nest Building
Hens scratch to prepare nesting areas by:
| Purpose | Behavior |
|---|---|
| Creating comfort | Scratching to shape bedding |
| Egg protection | Forming a secure depression |
| Temperature regulation | Adjusting material thickness |
Even roosters sometimes demonstrate this behavior to show hens good nesting spots.
4. Social Bonding
Scratching is a social activity that helps chickens:
- Strengthen flock relationships
- Establish pecking order
- Communicate with each other
When one chicken starts scratching, others often join in. This group behavior is similar to how chickens move together as a flock.
5. Maintaining Health
Scratching provides important health benefits:
Nail Care
The action naturally files down their claws, preventing overgrowth.
Exercise
It provides physical activity that keeps them fit.
Mental Stimulation
Foraging prevents boredom and stress-related behaviors.
When Chickens Can’t Scratch
Battery-caged hens often develop problems from lack of scratching:
- Overgrown nails
- Feather pecking
- Increased stress
- Poor muscle development
Providing adequate space and proper bedding allows chickens to express this natural behavior. If you’re introducing chickens to a new coop, ensure they have scratching areas.
Encouraging Healthy Scratching
To support your chickens’ scratching instincts:
- Provide loose dirt or sand areas
- Use deep litter in the coop
- Offer foraging opportunities
- Allow free-range time when possible
- Scatter treats to stimulate natural behavior
Understanding why chickens scratch helps you create an environment where they can thrive. This simple behavior connects them to their wild ancestors while meeting their physical and social needs.